Breast cancer: What every woman should know

October is Breast Cancer Awareness Month, a time to honor survivors, remember those who have lost their lives and encourage women to make their health a priority. Beyond the pink ribbons and community events, one of the most important messages is that breast cancer does not always come with a warning sign.

Many women feel perfectly healthy when breast cancer is discovered through a routine mammogram. There may be no pain, no noticeable lump and no visible changes. Regular screening can detect cancer before symptoms appear, often when treatment is more likely to be successful.

When Should You Get a Mammogram?

The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommends mammograms every two years for women ages 40 through 74 who are at average risk. The American Cancer Society recommends offering annual screening beginning at age 40, annual mammograms from ages 45 through 54, and annual or every-other-year screening beginning at age 55. Women with certain risk factors may need screening earlier or more frequently. A healthcare provider can help determine the appropriate schedule.

Know the Warning Signs-

Breast cancer does not always cause pain, and a lump is not the only possible symptom. Warning signs may include a new lump or thickening in the breast or underarm, changes in breast size or shape, skin dimpling, swelling, unusual nipple discharge, a nipple turning inward or persistent breast pain. Not every change means cancer, but any new or unusual symptom should be evaluated by a healthcare professional. Women should not wait until their next scheduled mammogram to report a concerning change.

Family History and Other Risks-

Having a close relative with breast cancer may increase a woman's risk. However, most women diagnosed with breast cancer have no known family history of the disease. Family history on both the mother's and father's sides matters. Women with a strong family history should discuss their risk with a healthcare provider.

Dense breast tissue can also increase breast cancer risk and make abnormalities harder to detect on mammograms. Women who have dense breasts should ask whether additional screening is appropriate. Although uncommon, men can develop breast cancer, too.

Don't Delay Screening or Follow-Up-

An abnormal mammogram does not automatically mean cancer. Additional imaging or a biopsy may be needed, and most women called back after screening do not have breast cancer. Still, following through with recommended testing is important. Women concerned about screening costs may qualify for free or low-cost services through Louisiana's Breast and Cervical Health Program. Knowing how your breasts normally look and feel can help you recognize changes, but self-examinations do not replace mammograms.

Breast Cancer Awareness Month is about more than wearing pink. It is about taking action, supporting one another and encouraging the people we love to prioritize their health. You do not have to feel sick to need a mammogram. You do not have to find a lump to have breast cancer. This October, know your risk, recognize changes and stay current with recommended screenings. Early detection can save lives. Sources: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; American Cancer Society; U.S. Preventive Services Task Force.